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The English language is a West Germanic language, part of the Indo-European family, and widely spoken globally. It is characterized by its rich vocabulary, which has incorporated words from various languages throughout its history, and a relatively flexible grammatical structure. The four systems of language are grammar, vocabulary, phonology, and discourse.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs often have unique word endings, called suffixes. Looking at the suffix can help to distinguish the word from other parts of speech and help identify the function of the word in the sentence. Linguists have identified five basic components (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) found across languages.